Kudzivirira Kubatanidzwa Kwemaseti Ejenareta Edhiziri Nemagetsi Emuguta

(2) Simbisa Zvimiro zveMidziyo Kuti Uve nechokwadi chekuti Zvinoenderana

Pfungwa huru yekubatanidza gridseti dzejenaretaNesimba remakanzuru, maparamita emagetsi eaya maviri anoenderana zvakakwana. Izvi zvakafanana nekubatanidza magiya maviri anotenderera, ayo anofanira kusvika "pahukuru hwakafanana, kumhanya kwakafanana, uye mazino akaenzana". Kunyanya, zvinhu zvina zvakakosha zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa, hapana chimwe chazvo chingashaikwe:

• Kutevedzana kwechikamu chinogara chiripo: Zvinobuda mujenareta zvine zvikamu zvitatu zveA, B, uye C zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvikamu zvitatu zvemagetsi emuguta, A, B, uye C, inova ndiyo pfungwa huru yekubatanidza grid. Kana zvikamu zvikasashanda zvakanaka, zvinozokonzera tsaona dzakakomba dzakadai sema short circuits uye kuputika kwemidziyo. Zvikamu zvinogona kusimbiswa ne phase sequence meter kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti waya dzakarurama.
• Voltage Yakaenzana: Kukosha kwemagetsi anobuda mujenareta kunofanirwa kuenderana nemagetsi emuguta, zvichibvumira kutsauka kudiki kwe±0.5%. Kana magetsi akanyanya, anotumira simba rinoita basa kugrid; kana magetsi akanyanya kuderera, jenareta haigoni kutakura mutoro wakatarwa. Kuwedzeredza magetsi kunogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza neAutomatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) kuti pave nekuenzanisa magetsi.
• Kuwanda Kwakafanana: Kuwanda kwesimba remumaguta muChina i50Hz. Kuwanda kwesimba rinobuda mujenareta kunofanirwa kuenderana nekushanda kwesimba remumaguta, uye kutsauka kunodzorwa mukati me ±0.05Hz. Kusawirirana kwemafrequency kunokonzera kutenderera kwesimba pakati peyuniti negrid, zvichikuvadza michina. Kuwiriranisa kwemafrequency kunogona kuitwa nekugadzirisa kumhanya kweinjini yedhiziri.
• Chikamu Chinoenderana: Kona yechikamu chemagetsi anobuda mujenareta inofanira kunge yakafanana neyamagetsi emagetsi emuguta, uye musiyano wemagetsi anokurumidza uri pedyo ne zero. Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Kuchinja kwechikamu zvakanyanya kuchagadzira magetsi makuru ekupinda, kupisa jira rejenareta, uye kupwanya shaft inotenderera. Inogona kutariswa uye kugadziriswa kuburikidza ne synchroscope kana otomatiki synchroscope.

(3) Tarisa Mamiriro Emidziyo Uye Bvisa Njodzi Dzingangove Dzakavanzika

Pamberi pekubatanidza grid, kuongororwa kwakazara kweseti yejenareta yedhiziri nemidziyo inotsigira kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana zvikanganiso kana njodzi dzakavanzwa: chekutanga, tarisa seti yejenareta pachayo, tanga unit kuti haishande zvakanaka here, simbisa kuti tembiricha yemvura, tembiricha yemafuta, uye kumanikidzwa kwemafuta zvakajairika, pasina ruzha rusina kujairika kana kudedera kwakasimba, uye simba rekubuda harisi pasi pe85% yesimba rakatarwa; chechipiri, tarisa michina ine chekuita negrid, kusanganisira zvishandiso zvekudzora synchronization, ma circuit breakers akabatana negrid, ma protection relay, nezvimwewo, kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti waya dzakasimba, zvishandiso zvinonzwa, uye zvishandiso zvisina kukanganiswa uye zvinoshanda senge reverse power protection, overcurrent protection, uye short-circuit protection; chechitatu, tarisa nharaunda yekombuta, tembiricha yekombuta inodzorwa pa5℃-35℃, hunyoro huri pasi pe75%, uye mhepo inofefetera yakanaka kudzivirira kupisa kusina kunaka kweyuniti. Panguva imwe chete, chengetedza mafuta edhiziri akakwana, isa matangi ekuchengetera mafuta anopfuura maviri kuti mafuta matsva apinde, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti mvura inotonhorera inopihwa negravity kuti isakanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwesimba remagetsi emuguta.

II. Munguva yekubatanidza Grid: Gadzirisa Maitiro Ekushanda Uye Dzivisa Njodzi Dzekushanda

Kushanda kwekubatanidza grid kunofanirwa kutevedzera musimboti wekuti "kutanga kuona, wozogadzirisa, wozopedzisira wavhara", uye kushandiswe nevashandi vane hunyanzvi panguva yese yekuita. Vashandi vasiri vehunyanzvi vanorambidzwa zvachose kutora chikamu. Maitiro chaiwo uye matanho ekudzivirira ndeaya anotevera:

(1) Sarudza Nzira Yakakodzera Yekubatanidza Grid

Kune nzira mbiri dzakajairika dzekubatanidza grid, dzinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo: yekutanga, kubatanidza otomatiki grid. Kuburikidza nemudziyo wekudzora synchronization (wakadai sema controllers emhando yepamusoro seDeep Sea neComAp), inotarisisa ma parameter e power grid ne generator set, inogadzirisa otomatiki kumhanya ne voltage, inotora synchronization point, uye yozoburitsa otomatiki murairo wekuvhara. Yakakodzera mayunitsi makuru kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuti magetsi arambe achienderera mberi, nekushanda kwakanaka uye kwakarurama; yechipiri, kubatanidza grid nemaoko. Tarisa ma parameter kuburikidza ne synchroscope uye mwenje we synchroscope indicator, gadzirisa kumhanya kweinjini yedhiziri ne excitation current nemaoko, uye vhara switch nemaoko mushure mekunge ma parameter aenderana. Yakakodzera mayunitsi madiki, ichida kuti vashandisi vave neruzivo rwakakura uye vakwanise kutonga nemazvo synchronization point.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubatana kwegrid nemaoko kunogona kushandisa nzira yerima remwenje kana nzira yekutenderera kwechiedza kutonga mamiriro ekubatanidza: nzira yerima remwenje inotonga musiyano wemagetsi kuburikidza nekudzimwa kwegirobhu, uye nzira yekutenderera kwechiedza inotonga musiyano wefrequency uye phase sequence kuburikidza nekumhanya kwekutenderera uye gwara rechiedza. Kana mwenje ikabatidzwa nekudzima panguva imwe chete, zvinoratidza kukanganisa kwephase sequence, uye waya dzinofanira kugadziriswa usati waedza zvakare.

(2) Shandisa Zvakakwana Maitiro Ekushanda Kwekupedzisa

Kana mudziyo wekuwiriranisa unoratidza kuti ma parameter akaenzana zvakakwana (musiyano wevoltage, musiyano wefrequency, uye musiyano wephase zvese zviri mukati mehuwandu hunobvumidzwa), mashandiro ekuvhara anogona kuitwa: grid-connected circuit breaker inofanira kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekuvhara kudzivirira inrush current inokonzerwa nekushanda nekukurumidza; tarisa pakarepo mamiriro ekushanda kweyuniti mushure mekuvhara, kusanganisira ma parameter akadai se current, voltage, frequency, uye power, uye simbisa kuti hapana kusagadzikana. Kana paine matambudziko akadai se inrush current yakawandisa uye ruzha rusina kujairika rweyuniti, switch inofanira kuvhurwa nekukasika, uye grid connection inogona kuyedzwa zvakare mushure mekugadzirisa matambudziko.

Chiyeuchidzo chakakosha: Kuvhara nechisimba kana ma parameter asina kuenderana hakubvumidzwe zvachose. Kubatana kwegrid iyi isina kuenzana ndiyo ine njodzi huru, iyo inogadzira torque yakakura yemuchina uye inrush current, zvichida zvichikonzera kukuvara kwe generator winding, kuputika kwe circuit breaker, uye kutokanganisa grid yemagetsi yemuguta, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwe fault range.

(3) Kutamisa Mutoro Zvakakwana Zvishoma nezvishoma

Mushure mekupedza zvakanaka, mutoro wese haugone kuendeswa kune seti yejenareta nekukasika. Mutoro unofanira kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma: kutanga, mhanya nemutoro wakareruka kwenguva yakati, tarisa kana ma parameter eyuniti akagadzikana, wobva wawedzera mutoro zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika padanho rakatarwa kuti usamhanye uye kudzima kweyuniti kunokonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwemutoro kamwe kamwe. Panguva imwe chete, kugoverwa kwemutoro kunofanirwa kugadziriswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekutonga simba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti seti yejenareta nesimba remumaguta zvinogovana mutoro zvine mwero. Kana maseti ejenareta akawanda akabatana negrid, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti simba rinoshanda nesimba rinoita basa zvinogovaniswa zvakaenzana, kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu apo imwe yuniti yakawandisa uye imwe yakawandisa, uye kudzivirira kutenderera kwesimba rinoita basa kubva mumidziyo inopisa.

III. Mushure mekubatanidza Grid: Simbisa Kutarisa Kuchengetedzeka uye Iva nechokwadi chekuti Kushanda Kwakagadzikana

Kubudirira kwekubatanidza grid hakusi iko kuguma. Kutarisa nguva chaiyo uye kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka ndizvo zvakakosha pakuona kuti kushanda kwenguva refu kwakasimba. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanira kutariswa:

(1) Kuongororwa KwemaParamita Ekushanda Munguva Yechokwadi

Ronga vashandi vakakosha vari pabasa kuti vatarise nguva chaiyo maparamita ekushanda kweseti yejenareta uye simba remuguta, kusanganisira voltage, frequency, current, power, phase, water tembiricha, oil tembiricha, nezvimwewo, uye kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvekushanda. Kana maparamita asina kujairika akawanikwa (akadai sekuchinja-chinja kwemafrequency kupfuura huwandu hunobvumirwa, kukwira nekudzika kamwe kamwe kwevoltage, reverse power, nezvimwewo), matanho anofanira kutorwa nekukasika. Kana zvichidikanwa, bvisa switch yakabatana negrid, bvisa seti yejenareta kubva pagrid, uye batanidzazve kugrid mushure mekugadzirisa matambudziko. Pakati pazvo, dziviriro yereverse power ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana grid yemagetsi ichidzosera simba kuseti yejenareta (seti yejenareta inova mota yemagetsi), relay yereverse power inofanira kuita nekukurumidza kudimbura circuit uye kudzivirira injini yedhiziri kuti isakweverwe uye isakanganiswe.

(2) Ita Basa Rakanaka Mukudzivirira Kuparadzana Kwemagetsi Nekudzivirira Kudzika Kwevhu

Kana seti yejenareta yakabatana negrid yemagetsi yemuguta, mudziyo wekudzivirira magetsi wakavimbika unofanirwa kuiswa, uye mudziyo wekubatanidza unofanirwa kuiswa kudzivirira kubatana kwegrid kusina kunaka. Panguva imwe chete, ganda resimbi, bracket, nezvimwewo zveseti yejenareta zvinofanirwa kushandisa nzira yakafanana yekudzika, uye muviri wekuisa pasi unofanirwa kubatanidzwa nemazvo uye zvakasimba, uine hunhu hwekudzivirira kuputira hunopfuura 0.5MΩ, kudzivirira tsaona dzemagetsi kana kukuvara kwemidziyo kunokonzerwa nekusadzika zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinorambidzwa zvachose kufananidza magetsi ejenareta nemagetsi emuguta zvisina kurongeka, uye kubatana kwegrid kusina kubvumidzwa hakubvumirwi pasina kuisa mudziyo wekubatanidza.

(3) Kugadzirisa Kushanda kweDisconnection

Kana zvichidikanwa kudzimwa kana kuti magetsi emuguta adzoka pakare, mutoro wejenareta unofanira kudzoserwa zvakanaka kumagetsi emuguta kutanga. Mushure mekunge mutoro weyuniti wava pedyo ne zero (kana simba diki rekudzokera shure), murairo wekuvhura unopihwa wekubvisa jenareta kubva pagrid. Mushure mekudzimwa, jenareta inofanira kushanda pasina mutoro kwenguva yakati uye yozodzimwa mushure mekutonhodza kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo kunokonzerwa nekudzima kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Kana magetsi emuguta adzoka pakare, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti yuniti inochinja otomatiki kune magetsi emuguta, uye yuniti inobuda otomatiki pabasa uye inodzima nekunonoka, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neGB51348-2019 standard.

IV. Kushanda Nekuchengetedza Zuva Nezuva: Kuongorora Nekuchengetedza Nguva Dzose Kuti Kuderedze Mikana Yekukanganisa

Kushanda nekugadzirisa kwezuva nezuva ndiyo hwaro hwekuona kuchengetedzeka kwekubatanidza grid. Sisitimu yakakwana yekugadzirisa inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti iongorore, igadzirise, uye iedze michina nguva nenguva. Zvinhu zvakakosha ndeizvi:

• Kushanda Kwenguva Dzose Mukutongwa: Itai bvunzo yekushanda kwejenareta isina mutoro kamwe chete pamwedzi, nguva imwe neimwe kwemaminetsi asingasviki gumi nemashanu, kuti muone mashandiro ekutanga kweyuniti, kunzwisiswa kwemidziyo, uye mamiriro ekushanda kwemidziyo; itai bvunzo yekutakura mutoro kamwe chete pakota kuti mutevedzere mamiriro ekubatanidza grid uye muone kushanda kwemuchina wekuwiriranisa nemudziyo wekudzivirira.
• Kugadzirisa Midziyo: Gara uchitsiva mafuta edhiziri, mafuta einjini, chinotonhodza, uye mafirita emhepo, uye tarisa kana paine maburi ari mumapaipi emafuta uye masisitimu ekutonhodza; gara uchigadzirisa michina yakaita semasynchroscopes, ma voltage regulators, uye ma protection relay kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti ma parameter akarurama; munzvimbo dzinotonhora, kudziya kunofanirwa kupihwa muimba yekombuta kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti unit inogona kutanga zvakanaka kana paine emergency.
• Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ezvikanganiso: Gadzira nhoroondo yekukanganisa, nyora pasi nguva uye gadzirisa matambudziko anoitika panguva yekubatanidza grid (senge grid connection disable, energy distribution, overcirculation, nezvimwewo), ongorora chikonzero chekukanganisa, uye dzivisa kudzokorora kwematambudziko akafanana. Semuenzaniso, kana paine energy distribution isina kuenzana, inogona kunge iri nekuda kwegavhuna yakamira kana waya isina kunaka ye transformer yemagetsi, iyo inoda kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa nenguva.
• Kudzidziswa kweVashandi: Vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa nehunyanzvi, kuziva maitiro ekubatanidza grid, mashandiro emidziyo, uye matanho ekuchengetedza, uye vanogona kutanga basa racho chete mushure mekupasa ongororo. Kushanda kusina mvumo hakubvumidzwe zvachose; kuronga kudzidzira kwekukurumidzira nguva nenguva kuti vavandudze kugona kwevashandi kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvinongoerekana zvaitika.

V. Pfupiso: Remekedza Zvinodiwa uye Uwane Kubatana Kwakachengeteka kweGrid

Kubatanidzwa kwegrid yemaseti ejenareta edhiziri nemagetsi emuguta inzira chaiyo yekuti "kukanganisa kwakafanana nemamaira imwe chete". Hazvingodi chete kusangana nemamiriro ehunyanzvi akaomarara asiwo kutevedzera maitiro ekushanda akajairwa, uye kukoshesa zvikuru mashandiro ezuva nezuva nekugadzirisa uye dziviriro yekuchengetedzwa. Kubva pakubata zvinodiwa uye kuongororwa kwema parameter usati wabatanidza grid, kusvika pakushanda kwakajairwa uye kutamiswa kwemutoro panguva yekubatanidza grid, uye zvakare kusvika pakutarisa panguva chaiyo nekugadzirisa kubviswa kwegrid mushure mekubatanidza grid, chinongedzo chega chega hachifanirwe kunge chisina hanya.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa zvakanyanya kuti vashandi vasiri nyanzvi vanorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa michina yakabatana negrid. Kubatanidzwa kwegrid kusina mvumo uye kushanda zvisina kurongeka hazvingokuvadzi michina chete asiwo zvinokonzera kutadza kushanda kwegrid yemagetsi uye tsaona dzekuchengetedza munhu. Kune vashandisi vemagetsi venguva dzose, kana kubatana kwegrid kwenguva refu kusingadiwi, switch ye "municipal power-generation" automatic transfer switch (ATS) yakajairika isarudzo yakachengeteka, isingadhuri, uye inotevedzera mitemo.

Nekungoremekedza zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, kuita maitirwo ekushanda, uye kuita basa rakanaka mukushanda nekuchengetedza kwezuva nezuva, tinogona kushandisa zvizere mabhenefiti ekubatanidza majenareta edhiziri nemagetsi emakanzuru, kuwana magetsi akachengeteka, akagadzikana, uye anoshanda zvakanaka, uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekufambisa uye hupenyu hwese.