Nhau - Ongororo yedambudziko rekubatana pakati pedhiziri jenareta seti uye kuchengetedza simba

Heino tsananguro yeChirungu yakadzama yezvinhu zvina zvakakosha maererano nekubatanidzwa kwemaseti ejenareta edhiziri uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba. Iyi hybrid energy system (inowanzonzi "Diesel + Storage" hybrid microgrid) imhinduro yepamusoro yekuvandudza kushanda, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemagetsi, asi kutonga kwayo kwakaoma zvikuru.

Core Issues Overview

100ms Reverse Power Dambudziko: Maitiro ekudzivirira kuchengetedza simba kubva kumashure-kudyisa simba kune dhiziri jenareta, nekudaro ichidzivirira.
Constant Power Output: Maitiro ekuita kuti injini yedhiziri irambe ichimhanya munzvimbo yayo yepamusoro-inoshanda.
Kamwe-kamwe Kudimburwa kweMagetsi Kuchengeta: Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinokanganisa kana iyo simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inongoerekana yadonha kubva kunetiweki.
Reactive Power Dambudziko: Maitiro ekubatanidza reactive simba kugovera pakati pezviviri masosi kuti ave nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwevoltage.

1. The 100ms Reverse Power Dambudziko

Dambudziko
Reverse simba rinoitika kana simba remagetsi richiyerera kubva kusimba rekuchengetedza system (kana mutoro) richidzokera kune dhiziri jenareta. Kune injini yedhiziri, iyi inoita se "motor," inotyaira injini. Izvi zvine njodzi zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kutungamira kune:

Mechanical Kukuvara: Kutyaira zvisina kujairika kweinjini kunogona kukuvadza zvinhu zvakaita se crankshaft uye tsvimbo dzekubatanidza.
Kusagadzikana kweSistimu: Kunokonzeresa kuchinjika mukumhanya kweinjini yedhiziri (frequency) uye voltage, zvinogona kutungamira mukudzima.

Chinodiwa chekugadzirisa mukati me100ms chiripo nekuti majenareta edhiziri ane inertia hombe yemuchina uye masisitimu avo ekumhanyisa anopindura zvishoma nezvishoma (kazhinji pahurongwa hwemasekonzi). Ivo havagone kuzvivimba kuti vakurumidze kudzvanya iyi yemagetsi back-flow. Basa racho rinofanirwa kubatwa neiyo yekupedzisira-yekukurumidza inopindura Power Conversion System (PCS) yesimba rekuchengetedza sisitimu.

Solution:

Core Nheyo: "Diesel inotungamira, kuchengetedza kunotevera." Muhurongwa hwese, jenareta redhiziri rinoita semagetsi uye frequency referensi sosi (kureva, V/F control mode), yakafanana ne "grid." Iyo simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inoshanda muConstant Power (PQ) Kudzora Mode, uko simba rayo rekubuda rinotemerwa chete nemirairo kubva kuna tenzi controller.
Kudzora Logic:
1. Real-time Monitoring: Iyo system master controller (kana PCS yekuchengetera pachayo) inotarisisa simba rinobuda (P_diesel) uye kutungamira kwejenareta redhiziri munguva-chaiyo nekumhanya kwakanyanya (semuenzaniso, zviuru zvenguva pasekondi).
2. Power Setpoint: Iyo simba setpoint yesimba rekuchengetedza sisitimu (P_set) inofanira kugutsa:P_load(yakazara mutoro simba) =P_diesel+P_set.
3. Rapid Adjustment: Kana mutoro ukadzikira kamwe kamwe, zvichikonzeraP_dieselkuti iite zvisina kunaka, mutongi anofanirwa mukati memamilliseconds mashoma kutumira murairo kuPCS yekuchengetera kuti nekukasika kudzikisa simba rayo rekuburitsa kana kushandura kunotora simba (kuchaja). Izvi zvinotora simba rakawandisa mumabhatiri, kuve nechokwadiP_dieselinoramba yakanaka.
Dziviriro yehunyanzvi:
- Kukurukurirana Kwepamusoro-Kukurumidzira: Kukurumidzira kutaurirana mapuroteni (semuenzaniso, CAN bhazi, nekukurumidza Ethernet) inodiwa pakati pedhiziri controller, yekuchengetedza PCS, uye system master controller kuona kushoma kwekuraira kunonoka.
- PCS Yekukurumidza Mhinduro: Yemazuva ano ekuchengetedza PCS mayuniti ane simba rekupindura nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura 100ms, kazhinji mukati me10ms, zvichiita kuti vakwanise zvizere kuzadzisa ichi chinodiwa.
- Redundant Dziviriro: Kupfuura iyo control link, reverse simba rekudzivirira relay rinowanzo kuisirwa padhiziri jenareta inobuda seyekupedzisira hardware chipingamupinyi. Zvisinei, nguva yayo yekushanda inogona kunge iri mazana mashoma emamilliseconds, saka inonyanya kushanda sekuchengetedza kuchengetedza; iyo yakakosha kukurumidza kudzivirira inotsamira pane control system.

2. Kugara Kwemagetsi Kubuda

Dambudziko
Injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda nepamusoro pemafuta ekufambisa uye kuburitsa kwakadzikira mukati memutoro we 60% -80% yesimba rawo rakayerwa. Mitoro yakaderera inokonzera "kunyorova kurongedza" uye kabhoni kuvaka, nepo mitoro yakakwira inowedzera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuderedza hupenyu. Chinangwa ndechekuparadzanisa dhiziri kubva pakuchinja-chinja kwemutoro, ichiichengeta yakatsiga pane yakagadzikana setpoint.

Solution:

"Peak Shaving uye Mupata Kuzadza" Kudzora Strategy:
1. Set BasePoint: Iyo dhiziri jenareta seti inoshandiswa pane inogara ichibuda magetsi yakaiswa panzvimbo yayo yakakwana yekushanda (semuenzaniso, 70% yeyakayerwa simba).
2. Storage Regulation:
  - Kana Load Demand> Diesel Setpoint: Iyo isina kukwana simba (P_load - P_diesel_set) inowedzerwa neiyo simba rekuchengetedza system kuburitsa.
  - Kana Load Demand P_diesel_set - P_load) inotorwa neiyo simba rekuchengetedza system yekuchaja.
System Benefits:
- Injini yedhiziri inomhanya inoenderana nepamusoro-soro, mushe, ichiwedzera hupenyu hwayo uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa.
- Iyo simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inotsvedza kunze kuchinjika kwemutoro, kudzivirira kusashanda uye kupfeka kunokonzerwa nekuwanda kwekuchinja kwedhiziri.
- Kushandiswa kwemafuta kunonyanya kuderedzwa.

3. Kamwe-kamwe Kubviswa Kwesimba Rekuchengetedza

Dambudziko
Iyo simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inogona kungoerekana yadonha kunze kwepamhepo nekuda kwekutadza kwebhatiri, kukanganisa kwePCS, kana nzendo dzekudzivirira. Simba raimboitwa nekuchengetedza (kunyangwe richigadzira kana kushandisa) rinobva raendeswa zvachose kune dhiziri jenareta seti, zvichigadzira kuvhunduka kukuru kwesimba.

Njodzi

Kana iyo chengetedzo yaiburitsa (ichitsigira mutoro), kubviswa kwayo kunoendesa mutoro wakazara kune dizeli, zvichigona kukonzera kuwandisa, frequency (kumhanya) kudonha, uye kuvhara kwekudzivirira.
Kana iyo yekuchengetera yaichaja (ichitora simba rakawandisa), kubviswa kwayo kunosiya simba redhiziri rakawandisa risina kwekuenda, zvichikonzera reverse simba uye overvoltage, zvichikonzera kudzima.

Solution:

Diesel Side Spinning Reserve: Iyo dhiziri jenareta seti haifanirwe kunge iine saizi chete kune yayo yakakwana yekugonesa nzvimbo. Inofanira kunge iine dynamic spare capacity. Semuyenzaniso, kana yakakura sisitimu mutoro uri 1000kW uye dhiziri ichimhanya pa700kW, chiyero chedhiziri chinofanira kunge chakakura kupfuura 700kW + nhanho huru inogona kurema (kana simba rekuchengetedza), semuenzaniso, 1000kW unit yakasarudzwa, inopa 300kW buffer yekutadza kuchengetedza.
Fast Load Control:
1. System Real-time Monitoring: Ramba uchitarisa mamiriro uye simba rekuyerera kweiyo yekuchengetedza system.
2. Mhosva yekuona: Paunenge waona kamwe kamwe kuchengetedza kubviswa, tenzi controller anobva atumira chiratidzo chekudzikisa mutoro nekukurumidza kune dhiziri controller.
3. Diesel Response: Dhiziri controller inoshanda nekukasika (semuenzaniso, kukurumidza kuderedza jekiseni remafuta) kuyedza kudzikisa simba kuti rienderane nemutoro mutsva. Iyo inotenderera inochengeterwa simba inotenga nguva yeiyi inononoka mechaniki mhinduro.
Last Resort: Load Shedding: Kana simba rekuvhundutsa rakanyanya kukura kuti dhiziri ibate, iyo yakanyanya kuvimbika kudzivirira ndeyekudurura mitoro isiri-yakakosha, kuisa pamberi kuchengetedzwa kwemitoro yakaoma uye jenareta pachayo. A load-shedding scheme chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira chinodiwa mukugadzira system.

4. Reactive Power Dambudziko

Dambudziko
Reactive simba rinoshandiswa kumisikidza magineti minda uye yakakosha pakuchengetedza voltage kugadzikana muma AC masisitimu. Ose ari maviri jenareta dhiziri uye PCS yekuchengetera inoda kutora chikamu mune reactive simba regulation.

Diesel Jenareta: Inodzora reactive simba rekubuda uye voltage nekugadzirisa iyo excitation yazvino. Simba rayo rekuita simba rinogumira, uye mhinduro yaro inononoka.
Storage PCS: Mazhinji emazuva ano maPCS mayuniti ane mana-quadrant, zvichireva kuti anogona akazvimiririra uye nekukurumidza jekiseni kana kutora reactive simba (chero akasapfuura iwo anooneka simba reti kVA).

Dambudziko: Maitiro ekubatanidza ese ari maviri kuona system voltage kugadzikana pasina kuwandisa chero unit.

Solution:

Kudzora Strategies:
1. Diesel Inotonga Voltage: Iyo dhiziri jenareta seti yakaiswa kuV / F modhi, ine basa rekumisikidza system voltage uye frequency referensi. Inopa "voltage source" yakagadzikana.
2. Kuchengeta Kunotora Chikamu muReactive Regulation (Sarudzo):
  - PQ Mode: Iyo yekuchengetedza inongobata inoshanda simba (P), nesimba rinoshanda (Q) set to zero. Iyo dhiziri inopa ese reactive simba. Iyi ndiyo nzira iri nyore asi inoremedza dhiziri.
  - Reactive Power Dispatch Mode: Iyo system master controller inotumira reactive simba mirairo (Q_set) kune PCS yekuchengetera zvichibva pane zvazvino voltage mamiriro. Kana system voltage yakaderera, raira chengetedzo kuti ubaye reactive simba; kana yakakwirira, itaira kuti itore simba rinoshanda. Izvi zvinorerutsa mutoro padhiziri, zvichiibvumira kuti itarise pane inoshanda simba kubuda, uku ichipa yakatsetseka uye nekukurumidza voltage kudzikamisa.
  - Power Factor (PF) Kudzora Mamiriro: Iyo inonangwa simba chinhu (semuenzaniso, 0.95) inogadzikwa, uye chengetedzo inogadzirisa otomatiki kuburitsa kwayo kunoshanda kuti ichengetedze inogara yakazara simba chinhu pamateshi ejenareta edhiziri.
Kufunga Kwesimba: Iyo PCS yekuchengetera inofanirwa kukwizwa neyakakwana inooneka simba simba (kVA). Semuenzaniso, 500kW PCS inoburitsa 400kW yesimba rinoshanda inogona kupa huwandu hwesqrt(500² - 400²) = 300kVArye reactive simba. Kana reactive simba rinodiwa rakakwira, PCS yakakura inodiwa.

Summary

Kubudirira kuwana yakagadzikana yekubatanidza pakati pedhiziri jenareta seti uye simba rekuchengetedza zvinobatika pane hierarchical control:

Hardware Layer: Sarudza PCS yekuchengetedza inokurumidza kupindura uye jenareta redhiziri rine nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekutaurirana.
Kudzora Layer: Shandisa yakakosha dhizaini ye "Diesel seti V/F, Storage inoita PQ." A high-speed system controller anoita chaiyo-nguva simba rekutumira kune rinoshanda simba "peak shaving / balley filling" uye reactive simba rekutsigira.
Dziviriro Layer: Iyo sisitimu dhizaini inofanirwa kusanganisira yakazara hurongwa hwekudzivirira: reverse kuchengetedza simba, kudzivirira kuwanda, uye kutonga kwemutoro (kunyangwe mutoro wekudonhedza) nzira dzekubata nekukasira kubviswa kwekuchengetedza.

Kuburikidza nemhinduro dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro, nyaya ina dzakakosha dzawasimudza dzinogona kugadziriswa kuti dzivake inoshanda, yakatsiga, uye yakavimbika dizili-simba rekuchengetedza hybrid power system.